Farming
This page explains where you can farm what you need and how.
Lootframes
There are Warframes, that can increase the amount of resources dropped:
Nekros: His 4th ability Desecrate has a chance to turn body parts into additional loot.
Khora: Using the Pilfering Strangeldome augment will increase dropchance of additional loot.
Hydroid: Using the Pilfering Swarm augment will drop additional loot.
There are resources that drop from specific enemies or in specific planets/missions.
Here are the best places for the important resources. (List made by a clan member)
Titan or Piscinas on Saturn
Orokin Cells, Nano Spores, Plastids and Detonite Ampules.
Gabii
Alloy Plate, Circuits and Orokin Cells.
IO on Jupiter
Oxium & Neural Sensors.
Mot in the Void
Argon Crystals, Ferrite, Control Module and Rubedo.
Ophelia on Uranus
Polymer Bundle, Gallium, Tellurium, Plastids and Detonite Ampule.
Oestrus at Eris
Nano Spores, Plastids and Mutagen Sample.
Amarna at Sedna
Salvage, Rubedo and Alloy Plate.
Hyf at Deimos
Nano Spores, Orokin Cells, Neurodes, and Mutagen Sample.
Cryotic
Any Excavation Mission (Except: Hieracon at Pluto, Everest at Earth etc)